Throughout COP30, the scientific community had repeatedly and clearly emphasized the threat posed by a failure to act. Though the process did secure more scrutiny of fossil fuel producers, some money for forests and adaptation, and a new emphasis on trade and implementation, it only inched towards working through the collective phase out of oil, gas and coal. By its end, COP30 in Belém failed to secure any new agreement on ending the fossil fuel age, forcing the world to wait yet another year to see if global leaders will ever make good on their Paris promises.

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